Ultrasonic Testing (UT) – Precise Flaw Detection

Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is a well-established non-destructive testing method that uses high-frequency sound waves to examine materials for both internal and external flaws. This technique enables the identification of potential defects such as cracks, voids, or bonding errors without damaging the test object.

Ultrasonic testing is utilized in various industries, including steel and aluminum construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive, and other transportation sectors. It is primarily applied to steel and other metals, as well as alloys, but can also be used for materials like concrete, wood, and composites, although the resolution is somewhat lower in these cases.

How it Works: An ultrasonic probe sends sound waves into the material, which are reflected by irregularities. These echoes are received by the probe and converted into an image that provides information about the nature and location of the flaws.

A significant advancement in ultrasonic testing is Phased-Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT). This technique utilizes multiple small ultrasonic transducers within a probe, each of which can be individually controlled. By electronically adjusting the timing of each pulse, PAUT can steer the ultrasonic beam, allowing for the generation of various angles of incidence and focal points. This results in a more precise and comprehensive inspection, without the need to physically move the probe.

PAUT is particularly valuable for inspecting complex geometries and detecting volumetric defects. Unlike traditional single-element probes, which emit a fixed beam and require physical movement to cover a large area, PAUT allows for electronic beam steering, making the process faster and more efficient. This electronic control enables a quasi-plane ultrasonic beam to be radiated at a specific angle, offering improved defect detection and speed.